University of Wisconsin–Madison
Progressive Local Government
For the 21st Century

ProGov21 Policy Library

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Model Ranked Choice Voting Amendment for Municipal Election
Type Ordinance or Resolution
Year 2018
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
The amendment on municipal elections, election procedure and ranked choice voting,...
Mayor Guide: Accelerating gender equality
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2016
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Civil Rights
This guide is a resource that supports mayors to accelerate gender equality in their communities. The guide incorporates recommendations and resources from a Mayors Roundtable event, emphasizing issues concerning women and girls, such as workplace conditions, civic engagement, and...
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2008 Memphis Ordinance Instant Runoff Voting
Type Ordinance or Resolution
Year 2008
Level City or Town
State(s) Tennessee
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
Instant runoff voting allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference. This ordinance states that the City of Memphis will use instant runoff voting for City elections....
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Model Ranked Choice Voting Statute
Type Ordinance or Resolution
Year 2018
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
The model law contains a raked choice voting ballot, includes tabulation, explains the offices, and covers rulemaking authority....
Las Cruces Ranked Choice Voting Ordinance 2861
Type Ordinance or Resolution
Year 2018
Level City or Town
State(s) New Mexico
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
This ordinance establishes ranked choice voting elections in the City of Las Cruces, commencing with the regular municipal election in November 2019 and all subsequent elections. The City Council choice ranked-choice runoff elections, as opposed to to-two runoff elections, because...
The Fair Representation Act
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2019
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
The Fair Representation Act allow voters to fully express their preferences. It creates large districts with up to five members each. It can also help make elections more meaningful, make repsentation more accurate, and open elections better reflect diversity....
The Fair Representation Act: Remedying Dysfunction in the U.S. House of Representatives
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2021
Level State, National
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
This report explores the potential impact of implementing the Fair Representation Act (HR 3057). The Fair Representation Act would require states to elect their House representatives with ranked choice voting in multi-winner districts drawn by independent commissions, thus establishing...
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Takoma Park Ranked Choice Voting Law
Type Ordinance or Resolution
Year 2018
Level City or Town
State(s) Maryland
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
The law establishes Ranked Choice Voting when electing the Mayor and councilmembers of Takoma Park....
Uncompetitive and Unrepresented: Voters Locked Out of Representation
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2020
Level City or Town, State
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
Safe districts are the electoral districts which are regarded as “secure” for a certain political party or candidate to win. In a winner-take-all system, the votes of people who have a mix of political viewpoints or prefer a different political party are insufficient to elect anyone....
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Ranked Choice Voting and Campaign Spending in California
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2016
Level City or Town
State(s) California
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
This report summarizes the preliminary findings of a study into the impact of the introduction of ranked choice voting (RCV) on candidate spending in city elections in the Bay Area of California. It finds that RCV did not significantly impact candidate spending on its own, but it...
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Ranked Choice Voting
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2018
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
Ranked choice voting (RCV) ensures candidates with the broadest possible support win elections. Without RCV, candidates can win elections with far less than 50% support. In a RCV system, voters rank candidates by preference on their ballots. If a candidate wins a majority of first-preference...
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The forgotten results & future promise of ranked choice voting in Ohio
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2018
Level City or Town
State(s) Ohio
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
This report examines the history of Ranked Choice Voting in Ohio previously called single transferable vote. The report shows how it was better at representing the state's diversity....
Voter Experience with Ranked Choice Voting in San Francisco: Voter Turnout and Use of Rankings 2004-2016
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2018
Level City or Town
State(s) California
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
The report examines the voter's experience using ranked choice voting. There exist problems such as skipped ranking, overvotes, undervotes, turnout, ballot exhaustion. However, RCV has allowed to maximize voters' participation in deciding its elected officials....
Primary Runoff Elections and Decline in Voter Turnout
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2020
Level State, National
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
A primary runoff election is held if no candidate surpasses the necessary threshold for victory in the initial primary election. Voter awareness of the system and a dip in enthusiasm following the initial primary has resulted in a trend of voter turnout dropping in the runoff election....
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Rank Choice Voting Sample Ballot
Type Fact Sheet or Infographic
Year 2018
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
Sample of rank card can be used to rank candidates....
Ranked Choice Voting: at the Oscars
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2019
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
To help illustrate how ranked choice voting workers this report uses the examples of the Oscars which uses ranked choice voting to determine its winners. Academy members rank all of their favorite nominees in order of preference. It reflects the diverse range of viewpoints. It also...
Ranked Choice Voting in Practice: Candidate Civility and Voter Understanding: Evidence From California City Elections Held in November 2014
Type Fact Sheet or Infographic
Year 2015
Level City or Town
State(s) California
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
The report outlines the results of the 2014 survey of RVC and non-RCV cities in California. It finds that voters perceive less criticism between candidates and observe lower levels of negative campaigning in elections conducted using RCV than do those voters in elections using the...
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America’s Primary Problem: Replacing Primary Elections with One National Vote Can Increase Competition and Empower Voters
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2018
Level State, National
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
The party primary system, rather than enhancing democracy, often results in a low-turnout race in which some voters are excluded by law, and the winner frequently does not have majority support of all voters in the district. In conjunction with ballot access rules that discriminate...
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More Members, More Voices: Policies and Implications for Changing the Size of the US House
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2018
Level State, National
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
The United States’ House consists of 435 representatives, which is not sufficient in yielding equity or true representative democracy in a continuously growing country. In order to promote fair representation among the states and ensure that all voices are heard in Congress, rather...
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Alternative Single Winner Election Methods
Type Fact Sheet or Infographic
Year 2012
Level City or Town, County
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
This report examines alternatives to America's winner-take all electoral system showing that it can lead to the election of unpopular outcomes. Alternative voting methods examined include instant runoff voting (IRV), Bucklin voting, approval voting, range voting, the Borda count,...
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Ranked Choice Voting and Civility: New Evidence from Amercian Cities
Type Fact Sheet or Infographic
Year 2014
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
Ranked choice voting makes political tone less negative and creates higher satisfication for residents with the conduct of campaigns. The report shows that RCV is viewed as easier and is highly supported....
Ranked Choice Voting and Racial Minority Voting Rights: An analysis of reproresentation of people of color in the Bay Area
Type Fact Sheet or Infographic
Year 2018
Level City or Town
State(s) All States, California
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
Under RCV, representation of people of color has increased. The multi-ethnic districts becomes more diverse....
The Fair Representation Act Gives Communities of Color More Power
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2024
Level City or Town, County, State
State(s) California, Michigan
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
State and federal voting rights acts are consistently violated, taking power away from communities of color. The Fair Representation Act (FRA) presents a comprehensive national solution that would give a greater voice to voters of color. This policy brief examines states under the...
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Multi-Winner ranked choice voting
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2019
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
This report explains multi-winner ranked choice voitng systems where multiple people represent a portion a district and only need a portion of votes to win. Multiple winners makes it virtually impossible for politicians to manipulate their advantage. Candidates are incentivized to...
Model Statute: An Act to Elect Certain Offices by Ranked Choice Voting
Type Ordinance or Resolution
Year 2012
Level City or Town, County
State(s) All States
Source FairVote
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance
This model act allows a city or county to conduct a local election using ranked choice voting in which voters rank the candidates for office in order of preference. Ranked choice voting elections may be used for single-winner elections, such as Mayor, or for elections that elect multiple...
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Displaying 25 of 35 records.

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