University of Wisconsin–Madison
Progressive Local Government
For the 21st Century

ProGov21 Policy Library

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Year
Contemporary Approaches to Parking Pricing: A Primer
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2012
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source U.S. Dept Of Transportation Federal Highway Administration
Policy Areas Community Development, Public Spaces, Transportation & Mobility
United States drivers were introduced to the concept of paid, on-street parking in 1935 when the first parking meter was installed in Oklahoma City. In the ensuing decades little was done to improve the basic tools or processes of parking pricing. Many cities arbitrarily set fixed...
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2021 Boston Ordinance Regulating Predatory Towing Practices
Type Ordinance
Year 2021
Level City or Town
State(s) Massachusetts
Source Boston City Council
Policy Areas Democracy & Governance, Economic Justice, Transportation & Mobility
This ordinance regulates the towing industry in Boston in order to prevent predatory towing practices that harm consumers. It establishes specific requirements for towing companies, including mandatory signage, reporting requirements, mandatory displaying of rates schedules, compensation...
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SFpark: Putting Theory Into Practice
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2014
Level City or Town
State(s) California
Source San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency
Policy Areas Community Development, Public Spaces, Transportation & Mobility
As a federally-funded demonstration, the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) purposefully and openly shares information about implementing the SFpark pilot project that other cities might find useful as they consider how to manage parking. This book summarizes the...
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SFpark Pilot Project Evaluation Summary: A summary of the SFMTA's evaluation of the SFpark pilot project
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2014
Level City or Town
State(s) California
Source San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency
Policy Areas Community Development, Public Spaces, Transportation & Mobility
SFpark was a federally-funded demonstration of a new approach to managing parking. It used better information, including real-time data where parking is available, and demand-responsive parking pricing to help make parking easier to find....
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2011 Austin Ordinance 1006-053 Ordinance Establishing a Parking Benefit District
Type Ordinance
Year 2011
Level City or Town
State(s) Texas
Source City of Austin
Policy Areas Community Development, Public Spaces, Transportation & Mobility, Finance & Procurement
This ordinance establishes a parking benefit district program. A parking benefit district is an area in which a percentage of the funds collected from a paid parking space is used to fund improvements that promote walking, cycling, and public transit within the district. This ordinance...
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The Power of Parking: A New Parking Paradigm for Kingston?
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2021
Level City or Town
State(s) -
Source City of Kingston
Policy Areas Transportation & Mobility
Too much parking takes up massive amounts of space, costs significant amounts of money, induces more driving, counteracts efforts to promote walking, biking, and public transit, increases GHG emissions, and overall makes a city less healthy and equitable. This report outlines the...
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Who Pays for Parking: How Federal Tax Subsidies Jam More Cars into Congested Cities, and How Cities Can Reclaim Their Streets
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2017
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source Transit Center
Policy Areas Transportation & Mobility
The federal tax benefit for commuter parking excludes the value of commuter parking provided by employers from the calculation of a worker’s taxable income. The “check” is bigger for people who make more money or work in the downtown areas of major cities, but the costs of the program...
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Factors Affecting Residential Parking Occupancy in Madison, Wisconsin
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2017
Level City or Town
State(s) All States, Wisconsin
Source State Smart Transportation Initiative
Policy Areas Community Development, Public Spaces, Transportation & Mobility
To manage parking provisions and minimize the negative impacts of excess parking effectively, policy makers need a full understanding of how much existing parking is used and how factors affect its use. This paper presents a study of multi-family residential parking occupancy and...
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2014 Houston Ordinance 591 Establishing a Parking Benefit District
Type Ordinance
Year 2014
Level City or Town
State(s) Texas
Source City of Houston
Policy Areas Community Development, Public Spaces, Transportation & Mobility, Finance & Procurement
This ordinance designates Houston's Washington Avenue Corridor as a parking benefit district. All fees and revenues generated from the use of parking meters in a parking benefit district shall be used to fund administrative costs of parking meters (i.e. signage, enforcement, maintenance)...
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Muskegon Off-Street Parking Standards
Type Ordinance
Year 2008
Level City or Town
State(s) Michigan
Source City Of Muskegon
Policy Areas Community Development, Public Spaces, Transportation & Mobility, Finance & Procurement
This document establishes vehicular and bicycle off-street parking standards. This code focuses heavily on incremental infill development, which will enable applicants and the City to strategically accommodate parking needs while not comprising the urban form desired within downtown...
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Reconnecting Fort Wayne: Transportation Management Associations
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2007
Level City or Town, County
State(s) All States, Indiana
Source Center for Neighborhood Technology
Policy Areas Transportation & Mobility, Community Development
This report discusses the potential for Transportation Management Associations (TMAs) to increase transportation choice locally; by promoting walking and cycling, implementing a universal pass program, managing parking pricing, and creating commuter services like ride-sharing and...
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The New Transportation Demand Management: An Implementation Guide for City Officials
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2022
Level City or Town, County
State(s) All States
Source Nelson Nygaard
Policy Areas Transportation & Mobility
Transportation demand management (TDM) programs support and incentivize healthier, more environmentally sustainable transportation behaviors. This report provides an overview of the most prominent and effective options cities can take to advance TDM objectives; these include congestion...
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goBerkeley Pilot Program Results and Next Steps
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2014
Level City or Town
State(s) California
Source City of Berkeley City Manager
Policy Areas Community Development, Public Spaces, Transportation & Mobility, Energy, Environment & Natural Resources
The goBerkeley Pilot Program was launched in Downtown Berkeley, the Elmwood, and Southside/Telegraph in July 2013 with 3 overarching goals: to support economic vitality, to reduce congestion and emissions and to assess the feasibility of expanding the program beyond the 2-year pilot...
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Cutting the Cost of Parking Requirements
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2016
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source Access Magazine
Policy Areas Community Development, Public Spaces, Transportation & Mobility, Housing, Public Safety
This brief examines the detrimental effects of minimum parking requirements and advocates for parking management reforms. Minimum parking requirements increase costs, traffic congestion, pollution, and limit affordable housing development. The brief also recommends the reduction...
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Effects of Parking Provision on Automobile Use in Cities: Inferring Causality
Type Policy Brief or Report
Year 2016
Level City or Town
State(s) All States
Source State Smart Transportation Initiative
Policy Areas Environment & Natural Resources, Transportation & Mobility
Many cities include minimum parking requirements in their zoning codes and provide ample parking for public use. However, parking is costly to provide and encourages increased automobile use, which is linked to traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and negative health and...
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